D5.3 Cost-effectiveness of different approaches for compliance monitoring

This report focusses on the effectiveness and costs of different approaches for monitoring and enforcement of pollutant emissions for sea ships. This concerns emissions such as NOx and SOx regulated under IMO MARPOL Annex VI but additionally also particulate matter emissions including Black Carbon can be monitored. Methane has recently also been included in some monitoring setups, although this is outside the scope of SCIPPER.